Are Adult Stem Cells Are Been Curing Diseases - 933 Words

Medicine has evolved tremendously over the past few centuries, but there are still many bodily conditions that are yet to be treatable. However, the use of adult stem cells is proving to be an extremely effective method to cure a wide range of medical disorders. While little funding is available for stem cell research, the outcomes are beginning to look promising. In the article, â€Å"Adult Stem Cells Are Already Curing Diseases,† Jean Peduzzi Nelson, a stem cell researcher from Wayne State University, argues for more funding and research in the area of stem cells. She presents instances in which stem cells have worked to help cure certain conditions and backs her argument with data to support her reasoning. Nelson’s argument sufficiently persuades readers of the necessity of stem cell use as she begins and concludes her argument convincingly, gives the reader some insight as to how stem cells work, and uses personal examples to demonstrate how stem cells have direct ly helped cure certain medical conditions. Stem cells are a topic that may be unfamiliar to many people. Before the article is read, the reader knows that the author, Jean Peduzzi Nelson, is well educated on stem cells as she researches and studies stem cells at Wayne State University. This immediately establishes the writer’s credibility before she begins to propose her argument. Nelson’s background greatly strengthens her argument as it shows that she is an expert in the field of stem cells and allows theShow MoreRelatedAdult Stem Cells Vs. Embryonic Stem Cell Research1108 Words   |  5 Pages4/4/16 Adult Stem Cells vs. Embryonic Stem Cells â€Å"The unspecialized cells are differentiated cells created are known as stem cells† (Miller Ph.D., Levine Ph.D., 2012). Embryonic and Adult stem cells are the only types of stem cells. Stem cell research shows a good deal of promise in the aiding of curing diseases. Both embryonic and adult stem cells show promise in curing diseases, but it is unclear which type of stem cell is more effective. The human embryo for embryonic stem cell researchRead MoreThe Medical Promise Of Embryonic Stem Cells1626 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells Why should people suffer from diabetes, Alzheimer’s, sickle cell anemia, leukemia, and plenty of other degenerative diseases while the cure lies in our hands? After James Thompson, a developmental biologist, reported that he had derived the first human embryonic stem cell line (Thomson), the potential of curing degenerative diseases was revealed. Ph.D. holder and deputy director of FDA’s office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Stephanie Simek, explains that stem cells are unspecializedRead MoreStem Cell Research1149 Words   |  5 Pageshas been an explosion of interest in stem cells, not just within the scientific and medical communities but also among politicians, religious groups and ethicists,3 Fiona Watt argued. Although overhearing debates and controversy regarding stem cells on the news, television or conversation is common, many aren’t aware of what the big debate is about or what stem cells truly are. The major argument against stem cell research is that it is morally wrong and unethical. To phrase it simply, a stem cellRead MoreStem Cell Research : Ethics, Cloning And Curing The Disease1220 Words   |  5 PagesOutline Stem Cell Research - Ethics, Cloning and Curing the Disease Introduction According to former Speaker of the House, John Boehner, †Stem cell research must be carried out in an ethical manner in a way that respects the sanctity of human life.† In recent events, stem cell research has caught the attention of the nation and stirred up controversy about the research and ethics along with it. Ethically, stem cell research has caught more attention than the research behind it. Stem cell researchRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Stem Cell Research Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, there has been a continuous controversy regarding the bioethical issues of stem cells and the pros/cons of its research. In order to understand the clash of opposing opinions on stem cells, it is important to know the root of stem cells, as well as their functions and scientific findings. â€Å"Stem Cells are very essential to develop organisms. They are non-specialized cells which have the potential to create other types of specific cells, such as blood, brain, tissue or muscle cells† (ExperimentRead MoreStem Cells Are Good Or Bad?968 Words   |  4 Pages Stem cells are cells that can be changed into other cell types. There are positive and negative aspects to them. They can help and danger people’s lives. Stem cells have many properties and uses. There is a big debate on whether stem cells are good or bad. There are many different opinions but I will write about what I think on this subject. The unique properties of stem cells are that they are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for a long time. This means they can multiply as many timesRead MoreThe Debate Of Stem Cell Research1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Stem Cell Debate In 1998, President Bill Clinton issued a National Bioethics Advisory Commission to begin to study the question of stem cell research (Stem Cells Fast Facts). Since then many advances have been made and stem cells have been used to aid in the alleviation of several medical conditions such as macular degeneration, bone marrow deficiencies, and growing new sheets of new skin for burn victims (Hug). Even though there is much stigma surrounding stem cell research, the medicalRead MoreFor years, scientists have been using stem cells to help cure diseases and research different1000 Words   |  4 Pageshave been using stem cells to help cure diseases and research different illnesses that come from deformed cells. In recent years, however, a debate has risen over where we should get these stem cells from. Because of the way stem cells are helping sick individuals and furthering research, the use of stem cells shouldn’t be stopped. The sources from which stem cells are acquired, howev er, should be limited. While acquiring adult stem cells is completely safe and productive, using embryonic stem cellsRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells: The Cure for Uncontrollable Diseases of the Past1246 Words   |  5 PagesParkinson’s disease, Lou Gehrig’s disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Alzheimer’s. This world is plague by countless diseases and there existed a time where, after many failed research attempts, scientists began to believe that people would always suffer from these diseases. However, with the introduction of stem cell research those past notions were dismissed. Upon their introduction, stem cell’s provided a new hope to the world and it proved itself to be an invaluable asset. Through stem cell researchRead More A Look at Stem Cell Research Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesA Look at Stem Cell Research Research in the development of stem cells has become increasingly popular over the past decade. The fascination in the study of stem cells by scientists comes from the mystery of what the essential properties are and how cells differ. With the discovery of determining how stem cells are self renewing and identifying what causes stem cells to become specialized leads to the ability to create more cell-based remedies as well as preventing birth defects, more precise

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1471 Words

The Scarlet Letter â€Å"A† In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the â€Å"A† is much more than a tattered patch of crimson with loose gold stitchery. As the years pass, the Puritanical society associates Hester Prynne’s identity with the embattled patch from an â€Å"adulteress,† to a woman who’s â€Å"able,† and finally, into an â€Å"angel.† Hester is a fallen woman in the beginning as she is publically shamed and shunned, causing her to suffer greatly. She internally struggles to comprehend the letter’s symbolic meaning only to come out as a stronger woman in the end. â€Å"Symbols are a means of complex communication that often can have multiple levels of meaning.†(Womack, P125) Hester gains a unique understanding of humanity and the struggles of other†¦show more content†¦Hester does not try to hide The Scarlet Letter but instead, she wears it as a badge of honor. She does not associate with other women at the time who wou ld be ashamed of it. Hester struggled with the meaning of the letter yet somehow the pressures of society to return to sin. â€Å"From the intense consciousness of being the object of severe and universal observation, the wearer of the scarlet letter was at length relieved, by discerning on the outskirts of the crowd a figure which irresistibly took possession of her thoughts. â€Å"(Hawthorne, P483) Four years have gone by, and Hester s position in the community has changed. The colony eventually replaced their judgements of her shame with courage, and her life has been wholesome since Pearl s birth. While Dimmesdale s sermons have become more compassionate and admired because of his suffering, Hester s position has risen because of her charity. Her scarlet â€Å"A† now could represent Able, but it has come with a price; no friends, no passion, no love or affection. Hester s role amongst the Puritan community has changed considerably due toShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Medea Essay Summary Example For Students

Medea Essay Summary Medea, a play by the Greek playwright Euripides, explores the Greek-barbarian dichotomy through the character of Medea, a princess from theâ€Å"barbarian†, or non-Greek, land of Colchis. Throughout the play, it becomesevident to the reader that Medea is no ordinary woman by Greek standards. Central to the whole plot is Medea’s barbarian origins and how they are relatedto her actions. In this paper, I am attempting to answer questions such as howMedea behaves like a female, how she acts heroically from a male point of view,why she killed her children, if she could have achieved her goal without killingthem, if the murder was motivated by her barbarian origins, and how she dealswith the pain of killing her children. As an introduction to the play, the status of women in Greek societyshould be briefly discussed. In general, women had very few rights. In theeyes of men, the main purposes of women in Greek society were to do houseworksuch as cooking and cleaning, and bear children. They could not vote, ownproperty, or choose a husband, and had to be represented by men in all legalproceedings. In some ways, these Greek women were almost like slaves. There isa definite relationship between this subordination of women and what transpiresin the play. Jason decides that he wants to divorce Medea and marry theprincess of Corinth, casting Medea aside as if they had never been married. This sort of activity was acceptable by Greek standards, and shows thesubordinate status of the woman, who had no say in any matter like this. Even though some of Medea’s actions were not typical of the averageGreek woman, she still had attitudes and emotions common among women. Forinstance, Medea speaks out against women’s status in society, proclaiming thatthey have no choice of whom to marry, and that a man can rid themselves of awoman to get another whenever he wants, but a woman always has to â€Å"keep hereyes on one alone.† (231-247) Though it is improbable that women went aroundopenly saying things of this nature, it is likely that this attitude was sharedby most or all Greek women. Later in the play, Medea debates with herself overwhether or not to kill her children: â€Å"Poor heart, let them go, have pity uponthe children.† (1057). This shows Medea’s motherly instincts in that she caresabout her children. She struggles to decide if she can accomplish her goal ofrevenge against Jason without killing her children because she cares for themand knows they had no part in what their f ather did. Unfortunately, Medea’sdesire to exact revenge on Jason is greater than her love for her children, andat the end of the play she kills them. Medea was also a faithful wife to Jason. She talks about how she helped Jason in his quest for the Golden Fleece, thenhelped him escape, even killing her own brother. (476-483). The fact that shewas willing to betray her own family to be with Jason shows her loyalty to him. Therefore, her anger at Jason over him divorcing her is understandable. On the other hand, Medea shows some heroic qualities that were notcommon among Greek women. For example, Medea is willing to kill her own brotherto be with Jason. In classical Greece, women and killing were probably notcommonly linked. When she kills her brother, she shows that she is willing todo what is necessary to â€Å"get the job done†, in this case, to be with Jason. .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 , .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .postImageUrl , .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 , .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330:hover , .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330:visited , .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330:active { border:0!important; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330:active , .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330 .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uecee5309861910140fc56cfc5460a330:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Patriotism EssaySecondly, she shows the courage to stand up to Jason. She believes that she hasbeen cheated and betrayed by him. By planning ways to get back at him forcheating on her, she is standing up for what she believes, which in this case isthat she was wronged by Jason, but in a larger sense, she is speaking outagainst the inferior status of women, which effectively allows Jason to discardMedea at will. Third, she shows that she is clever and resourceful. Ratherthan use physical force to accomplish her plans, she uses her mind instead: â€Å"itis best to†¦make away with them by poison.† (384-385) While physical strengthcan be considered a heroic quality , cleverness can be as well. She does in factpoison the princess and the king of Corinth; interestingly, however, she doesnot poison them directly. â€Å"I will send the children with gifts†¦to

Jane Eyre and the Balance of Emotions Essay Example

Jane Eyre and the Balance of Emotions Essay Charlotte Bronte was a remarkable English Victorian novelist celebrated for her ability to articulate social commentary in her works of love and courtship. Jane Eyre is no exception. In the novel, Bronte conveys the importance of tempering passions with self-control in order to balance desire and need. The protagonist and narrator, Jane Eyre, constantly battles with her conflicting feelings of intense passion, her strive for personal freedom, and restrictive social conventions. Jane Eyre must reconcile her temper and contradictory desires to interface her fierce sense of independence and autonomy and her desperate desire for communion. Bronte begins to disentangle the contradictory yearnings and emotions of Jane Eyre by acknowledging the relationship of Jane and Edward Rochester. In chapter 27, Jane’s moral integrity is tested when Rochester attempts to persuade Jane to stay with him despite his marriage to Bertha Mason. Jane replies, â€Å"I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself† (273). Although tempestuous, Jane recognizes that staying with Rochester would mean compromising herself. She asserts her worth regardless of others. Personal freedom is an indispensable theme of Jane Eyre. Throughout the novel, Jane struggles to find autonomy. As an orphan, she is restricted, terrorized by her cousins and aunt. As the novel progresses, she becomes entwined with Rochester, stymieing Jane’s search for freedom. Towards the end of the novel, Jane can come to terms with her independence as she detaches herself from those burdeni ng her and seeks out other independent-minded people. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre and the Balance of Emotions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre and the Balance of Emotions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre and the Balance of Emotions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Additionally, Bronte addresses Jane’s dependence on religion in regards to the novel’s assessment of the contradictions between passionate feeling and judgment. Jane claims she, â€Å"will keep the law given by God; sanctioned by man† (273). Jane sees God as the giver of the laws by

Jack and Jill essays

Jack and Jill essays The field of study known as Human Development is the committed scientific evaluation of the changes involved in a human lifespan from birth to death. There are several differing behavioral perspectives advanced by leaders in the field, but they are all united in one goal. All perspectives strive to recognize and describe the factors and events that transform and impact an individual during their lifetime. The following paragraphs have taken a simple nursery rhyme and addressed the human behaviors displayed in the context of some of the more prominent behavioral perspectives. Let us begin with the first line of the nursery rhyme. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack and Jill are two adolescents living in a small rural English village sometime in the 1600s. Jill is a buxom young lady of considerable physical attraction who has been up the hill on several other occasions to fetch water. Actually, the well is a very secluded, often used place for amorous trysts. Jack has never fetched water before, and he is very nervous, although very excited at the prospect. He is sure Jill will instruct him in the correct water fetching technique. Lets apply the psychoanalytic perspective to this scenario. According to this theory, people move through a series of conflicts between biological drives and socially acceptable behavior. In Freuds theory, the personality has three parts-the id, ego, and superego. The id is the most basic of human desires and demands satisfaction above all else. The ego is middle management and is responsible for managing the ids desires into the appropriate time and place. The superego is the CEO, better known as the conscience of the human consciousness. He strives to make sure everything is done by the book and is always politically correct. Now id and superego are always at odds with each other, and poor ...

30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

30 Words Invented by Shakespeare 30 Words Invented by Shakespeare 30 Words Invented by Shakespeare By Michael William Shakespeare (1564-1616), considered the greatest writer in the English language, used more than 24,000 words in his writings, more than any other author. Of those words, more than 1,700 were first used by him, as far we can tell. He may have made up many of them himself. How can you possibly understand someone who keeps making up new words? Because Shakespeare made up his new words from old, familiar words: nouns into verbs, verbs into adverbs, adverbs into nouns. He added new prefixes and suffixes to existing words. For example, gloom was already a noun that meant ‘darkness’ and even a verb, but Shakespeare turned it into a adjective, as in ‘the ruthless, vast and gloomy woods’ in Titus Andronicus. Renaissance writers, trying to express classical ideas for the first time in English, often borrowed words from the classical languages of Greek and Latin, and William Shakespeare was no exception. Also, in Shakespeares day, the rules of English grammar were not yet formalized, so he was freer to invent his own. After more than 400 years of changes in the English language, Shakespeare is still beloved and still understood. Because of his knowledge of essential language, we still know what the Princess means in Loves Labours Lost when she says (archaically) Prepare; I will away tonight, even though she leaves out the verb go. Here are 30 of the words invented by William Shakespeare, as compiled by my colleague Maeve in her article Shakespeare’s Vocabulary, each one demonstrated in a sentence from one of his plays: accommodation: adjustment, adaptation, compromise Thou art not noble; For all the accommodations that thou bearst Are nursed by baseness. Measure for Measure agile: able to move quickly or easily His agile arm beats down their fatal points. Romeo and Juliet allurement: Attractiveness, appeal, enticement. That is an advertisement to a proper maid in Florence, one Diana, to take heed of the allurement of one Count Rousillon Alls Well That Ends Well antipathy: dislike, hatred No contraries hold more antipathy Than I and such a knave. King Lear catastrophe: disaster, the dramatic event that begins the resolution of the story And pat! he comes, like the catastrophe of the old comedy. King Lear critical: inclined to criticize, extremely important O gentle lady, do not put me tot; For I am nothing, if not critical. Othello demonstrate: show, display, present And this may help to thicken other proofs That do demonstrate thinly. Othello dexterously: skillfully, with precision. Dexterously, good madonna. Twelfth Night dire: dreadful, dismal, portentous Hapless Aegeon, whom the fates have markd To bear the extremity of dire mishap! Comedy of Errors dislocate: to put out of place They are apt enough to dislocate and tear Thy flesh and bones. King Lear emphasis: Special weight, attention, forcefulness or prominence given to something Be choked with such another emphasis! Say, the brave Antony. Antony and Cleopatra eyeballs: the eyes Tis not your inky brows, your black silk hair, Your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream, As You Like It emulate: imitate, copy I see how thine eye would emulate the diamond: Merry Wives of Windsor exist: to be, to have reality By all the operation of the orbs From whom we do exist and cease to be; King Lear extract: draw out, remove, withdraw, May it be possible, that foreign hire Could out of thee extract one spark of evil That might annoy my finger? Henry V frugal: thrifty, cheap, economical I was then frugal of my mirth: Heaven forgive me! Merry Wives of Windsor hereditary: inherited, passed on from parents Hereditary, rather than purchased; what he cannot change, than what he chooses. Antony and Cleopatra horrid: terrible, horrible He would drown the stage with tears And cleave the general ear with horrid speech; Hamlet impertinent: insolent, ill-mannered, irrelevant In very brief, the suit is impertinent to myself, Tempest jovial: jolly, cheerful, merry Be bright and jovial among your guests to-night. Macbeth meditate: think, contemplate, study I will meditate the while upon some horrid message for a challenge. Twelfth Night modest: moderate, slight, humble, Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant. Coriolanus mutiny: tumult, strife, rebellion against a legal authority, especially at sea Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. Julius Caesar obscene: indecent, offensive, repulsive O, forfend it, God, That in a Christian climate souls refined Should show so heinous, black, obscene a deed! Richard II pedant: a schoolmaster, someone who shows off his knowledge by using big words Most villanously; like a pedant that keeps a school i the church. Twelfth Night pell-mell: hasty, uncontrolled, confused Advance your standards, and upon them, lords; Pell-mell, down with them! Loves Labours Lost premeditated: deliberate, planned in advance Some peradventure have on them the guilt of premeditated and contrived murder; Henry V reliance: trust, dependence And my reliances on his fracted dates Have smit my credit: Timon of Athens submerged: underwater, below the surface, hidden So half my Egypt were submerged and made A cistern for scaled snakes! Antony and Cleopatra vast: Very large or wide The suns a thief, and with his great attraction Robs the vast sea: Timon of Athens Could we make up new words too, and still be understood? In imitation of Shakespeare, I tried making up a couple do you understand me? The anticlean toddler boy. Though you lamb yourself after your violence, quoth Sherlock, yet before judge and jury I will unlamb you. Shakespeare invented many words that might surprise you. In Shakespeares day, friend was already a noun, but Shakespeare turned it into a verb. Befriend is a more standard verb that expresses the same thing, but a newly-coined word has extra power and surprise but unless you do it discreetly, youll sound like e e cummings or James Joyce. Shakespeare also used the word unfriended, centuries before Mark Zuckerberg. The word swagger, popular with rap musicians, was first used in Henry V and A Midsummer Nights Dream, though Shakespeare didnt invent the word swag. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the Future20 Rules About Subject-Verb AgreementWoof or Weft?

Analyses and evaluate the micro-external environment of (two) Essay

Analyses and evaluate the micro-external environment of (two) international markets - Essay Example According to Mintel Oxygen (2012), fitted bedroom furniture contributes in large proportion to the total sales revenue earned by the bedroom furniture industry. Fitted bedroom furniture includes built-in wardrobes, built-in drawers, fitted beds etc, and Mintel Oxygen (2012) has also pointed out that fitted bedroom furniture is designed for large bedrooms. USP of fitted bedroom furniture lies on the ability to provide variety in design, systematic fittings and synchronise with large space in the room. Mintel Oxygen (2012) has reported that non-fitted furniture is generally preferred by bachelors and individuals who do not have large space in the room for using fitted bedroom furniture. Non-fitted furniture includes bedside tables, customized chests of drawers, dressing tables, beds etc. A unique selling proposition of non-fitted bedroom furniture depends on its ability to provide a high degree of customization in terms of assembling bedroom furniture to customers. The next section of the study will discuss the market composition of Germany for the bedroom furniture segment. The German bedroom furniture industry is going through a critical phase in terms of shrinkage in demand due to the slow economic growth rate and dwindling purchasing parity of customers. Lynn (2010) has pointed out that sovereign debt crisis has decreased the retail merchandising growth rate in most of the European countries. Market Line (2012a) has reported that almost half of the German furniture industry is dominated by the bedroom furniture segment. According to Market Line (2012a), the value of the bedroom furniture industry in Germany is more than $25 billion, which is proportionate to more than 50% of the overall industry composition. Industry analysts have forecasted a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3%–4% for the bedroom furniture industry. The bedroom furniture market in the country is fragmented due to presence of both domestic and international players in large propor tion. Market Line (2012a) has been able to conclude that only 7% to 13% of buyers in the country prefer to purchase high priced premium luxury bedroom furniture for their home. The majority of buyers prefer to purchase mid-range bedroom furniture for their home. Customer segmentation for the German bedroom furniture industry can be done by using lifestyle criteria of Brassington and Pettitt (2007). According to lifestyle, bedroom furniture customers in Germany can be segmented as ‘singletons’ and ‘best agers’. Young professionals with a high spending capacity can be classified as ‘singletons’; these customers prefer to purchase customized non-fitted furniture, which can fit in their small bedroom. Couples with children and older people complemented with a high spending capacity can be classified as ‘best agers’; these customers prefer to purchase fitted furniture for their large bedrooms. De Mooij (2011) has pointed out that the pu rchasing behaviour of customer can be directed by personality and cultural orientation, which means that companies planning to expand their business in the bedroom furniture segment of Germany need to design their product in accordance with German culture for generating attraction among customers. The stable political condition of Germany will encourage retailers to invest in the bedroom furniture segment, which will help them to expand their business in the country. Gillespie et al. (2010) have pointed out that antitrust law in European countries such as Germany has

Decision Making - Euro Crisis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Decision Making - Euro Crisis - Case Study Example The most affected commodity is the price of oil. The price of oil and petroleum products in Africa is mostly controlled by rab nations. This leaves them with no choice than to acquire the commodity in the stated price. The Euro zone has become more sensitive in trying to solve this issue. This because the forecasted effects of the crisis look fatal for the euro zone. The most substantial factors considered are how to clear debts in the financial crisis and how to appropriately manage the financial aid given to the nations in euro zone. So far the resolution strategy has not born fruits yet which makes the third world countries lose hope in finding solutions from the two financial heads. The European Union is also affected by the crisis and stares in the brink of losing its economic superiority. This paper will focus on the effects of the crisis to the European Union and also the leadership strategy that EU will use to curb the crisis. Additionally it will focus on the crisis effect on the leadership of the European Union. In the modern century, superiority of nations is measured by their ability to successfully be part of a function economic zone. The economic zone not only shields nations from financial uncertainties but also in provide member nations with development funds. According to Guscina & Broeck this strategy is proven to have the most significant results in the sustaining the economy of nations in the current economic conditions (311). The author argues that all financially stable nations have a well organized zone at their disposal. Taking for instance the Arabic countries, nations in this region had the poor financial capabilities. In the modern century, these nations have become bearers of the most financial stable economies around the world. This is after the realization of a joint zone financial operation. Comparing the Arab world to the euro zone, the difference lies in the fact that the euro

My holiday in Spain Essay Example for Free

My holiday in Spain Essay I have been to many different holiday places but I have chosen salou because they were many different places to visit and loads of things to do. I went to Spain when I was 14 years old, with my family. I stayed in a hotel called port salou it had two very large swimming pools inside and out. The weather was fabulous and the food was delicious. The first place we visited was the beach. All I could hear was the waves crashing against the warm sandy shore. The sand was golden and warm to walk on people were bathing and doing activities on the beach such as volley ball and jet skiing. The best activity I remember was the banana boat. Then we visited Barcelona zoo, in the zoo was an aquarium there were many varieties of fish and mammals, the ones that I remember the most was the huge man eating sharks their big black eyes were like shiny pebbles I could also see their razor sharp teeth which were like shards of glass. There was also an aviary full of tropical, colourful parrots squawking and fooling around in the trees. Then we approached the reptile house and a collection of primates. Hosting the worlds only albino gorilla. The albino gorilla was the main attraction at Barcelona zoo drawing in many crowds. The next place we visited was the camp Nou stadium football ground, home to Barcelona football club. Barcelona football ground was enormous holding 98,000 spectators. We were allowed to stand on every tier to see how high they were. we were not allowed on the pitch as they were a small group training. We then went to the museum to see all the trophies Barcelona had won. I was amazed there was a lot all placed in large glass cabinets. Along side the trophies were every kit Barcelona had worn over the years. There were also footballs with Barcelonas badge on which had been used in big games. The final place we visited was port Ventura a large theme park not far away from salou. It had one of the worlds largest roller coasters, and had many other attractions including shows, large play areas my sister enjoyed. We spent a full day there and didnt manage to see every attraction. The absolute best part of my holiday was the Barcelona football stadium, without a doubt the sizes was unbelievable. I also enjoyed the museum because I liked looking at the trophies. I couldnt stop looking at the kits and how much they had changed over the years. On the way out we visited the gift shop I bought a Barcelona football and football shirt it was my favourite visit of the holiday salou was one of the most enjoyable holidays I have ever had and a place I would like to visit in the future. then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

We Must Reform Teacher Tenure Essay -- How Not to Reform Teacher Tenur

Teacher tenure is life-long job protection for teachers who have been employed as a teacher for one or more years depending on the state. The purpose of teacher tenure is to protect teachers from being fired for political or personal reasons. It also prevents school districts from eliminating experienced teachers in favor of less expensive teachers. The fundamental problem with teacher tenure is that it is given to a teacher after only one year on the job and requires little to no additional effort. The increased job security breeds complacency in many teachers who are teaching only to collect a paycheck. There is a need for teacher tenure but the program must be drastically reformed. What is Tenure? Tenure is a policy that basically gives teachers a lifetime contract. It prevents teachers from being fired for something small all the way up to severe misconduct or incompetence. . Tenure began in the early 20th century. It was meant to protect teachers from wrongful termination. In that time race, personal bias, and politics could get even very effective teachers fired. Women were often targeted when they got married or became pregnant. With tenure, even if a school district tries to fire an incompetent teacher or one who is guilty of misconduct it can become very difficult and expensive It also protected teachers whose research or teaching practices might be considered â€Å"out-of-the-box.† The Positive Side of Teacher Tenure Tenure is in place to protect teachers. Many teachers are very dedicated to what they do and go above and beyond what is required regardless of their pay scale; tenure is in place to protect teachers like this. Teachers that have proven that they are in the classroom to make a difference in the life of a... ...1D719E1C22E61225AFDEB326CE13C0_1328848465905&start=1&publicationId=&urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B198818676 Garrett, Rose (2010). What is Teacher Tenure? Retrieved from http://www.education.com/magazine/article/what-is-teacher-tenure/ Sawchuk, Stephen (2010). States Strive to Overhaul Teacher Tenure. Retrieved from www.edweek.org Otterman, Sharon (2011). Once Nearly 100%, Teacher Tenure Rate Drops to 58% as Rules Tighten, New York Times, 28 July, 2011. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/docview/879455669/fulltext?accountid=13931 Weisberg, D., Sexton, S., Mulhern, J., Keeling, D., (2007). The Widget Effect. Retrieved from http://widgeteffect.org/downloads/TheWidgetEffect.pdf Wolpert-Gawron, Heather (2009). The Truth about Teacher Tenure. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/teacher-tenure-debate

American Success in Achieving Independence Essay

Introduction The British military was considered the strongest in the world at the outreach of fighting between England and the American colonies in 1775. Britain had just defeated France and the Indians in the Seven Years War and had attained its prominence as a world’s superpower. Yet despite Britain’s overpowering military dominance, the British found themselves unable to subdue General Washington and the American colonies. The American’s success in achieving independence during the American Revolution was not due to General Washington’s strategic skill but by numerous British blunders. The British mistakes during the Revolutionary war are: they never had an overall strategy; they failed to identify the Center of Gravity, shifting from offensive strategy to a defensive strategy and diverting the war to the Southern colonies. Overall strategy The British never had an overall strategy for winning the Revolutionary War. They acted vigilantly at points when authoritative and serious attacks could have undermined the Continental army. The British assumed that American rebellion would disintegrate when British troops lands on American shores. They believed that the Continental Army was amateurish and unable to fight a interminable war against an organized British military force. Not until after the Battle of Bunker did the British even begin to consider in terms of war rather than simply rebellion. Britain certainly not intended for a lengthy war and constantly expected for the one pivotal victory. The Continental Army was fighting a domestic war while the British had to ship their troops from across the Atlantic. Fighting against their own countrymen was also both a psychological and emotional handicap for the British soldiers. The British military regularly made mistakes, especially General Howe. His indolence to take action at the start of the war made it probable for General Washington and the Continental Army to survive. Occurrences of poor communication and collaboration between British commanders resulted in squandered occasions as well in Saratoga and Yorktown. The component of period unceasingly handicapped British maneuvers. Communications both across the Atlantic and within the colonies were dawdling and useless. Some commanders took matters into their own hands and followed strategies that they felt best suited their immediate goals. The indecision surrounding responses frequently led to unwarranted caution, unnecessary delays, or unforeseeable prospects in strategic situations, which eventually demonstrated to be costly. Because of the length of time it took for communications, field conditions continually changed. Failure to identify the Center of Gravity The Americans had no discernable central government and the British could not determine a truly decisive Center of the Gravity (COG). The COG is the hub of all power and movement, on which everything depends (Clausewitz, pp. 595-596). There was no COG that Britain could seize and end the war. There was no one that the British military could defeat that would quickly bring about the abandonment of the entire colonist opposition. Throughout the campaign, General Howe continued to allow the Continental Army to withdraw from the field without entirely destroying them. General Howe’s unwillingness to conduct a forceful pursuit and destroy General Washington’s Continental Army saved the Americans from a defeat that could have possibly ended the American Revolution. General Howe did not take into account that the Continental Army was the life of the rebellion and should have been considered as the COG. The British dissipated an opportunity to inflict a destructive defeat on the Continental army at the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775. Although they strained the insurgents from the elevated field, the British army missed their chance to deal the rebellion a possibly disastrous blow from the start. Another chance of destruction of the Continental Army came in August 1776. General Washington and the Continental Army had been routed in the Battle of Long Island and withdrew to the defenses of Brooklyn Heights, which left them confined between Hessian and British troops and the East River. General Washington was able to keep the revolution alive by maintaining the Continental Army in the field. Shifting from offensive strategy to a defensive strategy Without French assistance, it is uncertain that the American colonies could have been a match over Britain’s sizeable and well-equipped military. France clandestinely provided the American colonies with supplies and money, and upon formally declaring war on England in June 1778, also committed soldiers and naval fleets. With the French joining the naval war, Britain switched from an offensive strategy to a defensive strategy since their naval superiority is contested. Operations in America became secondary to defense of the British Isles and larger economic interests in the Caribbean. The ministry decided to defend and strike the French in West Indies, which was regarded as more valuable than the American colonies. The British militaries had to be dispersed in several theaters and spread so thin across the Atlantic and no longer concentrated on the colonies, which consequently lost the war in America (Middlekauff, p. 438). Britain’s failure to identify key locations to concentrate her Navy led to not able to secure their most strategically located territories and did not have enough military resources to continue the war in America. â€Å"With the defense thus concentrated, England’s great weapon, the Navy, should have been vigorously used on the offensive† (Mahan, p. 394). Diverting the war to the southern colonies During the initial years of the American Revolutionary War, the initial military battles were in the north. The British changed their strategy to focus on the southern colonies as the leadership felt that the south was home to many loyalists where they could enlist their support and assistance. England felt loyalists in the South were oppressed by the revolutionary government and would flock to them in support (Mahan, p. 516). Britain constantly pursued and hoped for Loyalist support but was never received. Moreover, Britain also definitely did not do what was needed to gain and sustain the Loyalists’ support because they inclined to disregard the help that the Loyalists contributed. In addition, the British Parliament assumed that loyalists would be a more intimidating force and play a more effective position in the war. The British was successful in most conventional battles fought in that region, but American generals in the south turned to irregular and hit-and-run combat that ultimately thwarted the British military. The British should have focused most of their forces on the Continental Army in the north instead of taking the south. Counter-Argument Some argue American independence might not have won without the leadership of General George Washington. He was honest, brave, and sure that the America and its Continental Army can win. He certainly not gave up faith that he would reach that object. His first military victory resulted in the British evacuating Boston in March 1776. General Washington reevaluated the wisdom of the tactical defensive and thereafter avoided confrontations with large concentrations of enemy forces after unsuccessful defense of New York and next Philadelphia. General Washington came to realization that it was far more critical for him to maintain the army as an entity than it was to win any particular battle or campaign (Weigley, p.12). Instead of trying to defeat the British in one decisive action, General Washington instinctively realized that the revolution would survive as long as the Continental army survived. Washington had to remain not only on the strategic defensive, but frequently on the tactical defensive, as well. He correctly understood that, by keeping his army intact, he could keep the revolution alive. If he could maintain the war long enough, Britain would exhaust her resources and struggle across the Atlantic and independence would be gained. Although General Washington lacked major victories in the Revolutionary war, his noted two tactical successes, at Trenton and Princeton, were conducted against smaller concentrations of an enemy force. But, General Washington made a number of excellent decisions at crucial times throughout the conflict. Conclusion Britain had an enormous military advantage at the beginning of the American Revolution with vastly superior naval power and a professional military with far greater financial resources. The British fought a much weaker enemy yet failed to accomplish its military and political objectives. General Washington recognized that the Continental Army was the backbone of the revolution, the Center of Gravity, where the British failed to identify. Another reason was the assistance the Americans received from the French. The British military were remarkably unmatched and clearly the superior army, and had the French not provided aid, it seems unlikely that General Washington and the Continental Army could have defeated the British. They pulled together and were able to capitalize on the British’s blunders. Bibliography 1. Clausewitz, C. On War. Michael Howard and Peter Paret, eds. and trans. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989 2. Mahan, A. T. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783. New York: Dover, 1987. 3. Middlekauff, R. The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 4. Weigley, R. F. The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.

Industrial and Personnel Psychology Essay

1. Personal biographical characteristics of note are factors that describe an individual. Factors such as age, gender, marital status and tenure. These characteristics have an impact on the attitudes that an individual may have towards work and dependent variable such as productivity, absenteeism, and turnover and job satisfaction. The relationship between age and job performance is of great importance because it is believed that job performance decreases as age increases. Though not all employers have perceptions of older employees. From a positive perspective it is noted that older employees have more experience, judgment, ethics and commitment. In addition, with older employees, labour turnover is reduced. Because of their longer tenure within the organization they tend to enjoy increased wages, pension and many other benefits and are therefore less likely to leave. With regards to absenteeism and older employees, the evidence is however mixed. Although there are decreases in avoidable absenteeism rates compared to younger employees, there is an increase in unavoidable rates due to poor health due to age, and longer recovery periods. However from a negative point it is noted that older employees lack flexibility, there is a decrease in their productivity due to decreased speed, agility, strength and co-ordination and resistance to change in a changing environment. Consequently, organizations are reluctant to hire older employees. In addition, they tend to retrench them first when it comes to downsizing. Gender in job performance has no evidence that it affects job satisfaction. However there is a difference in work schedules because women mostly prefer part time work or work flexibility due to family responsibilities. With regards to absenteeism women usually have a higher rate of absenteeism than men as women traditionally care for the family. For example when children are sick, it is the mothers who tend to take off work in order to take care of such sick children. Married employees generally have a decrease in absenteeism, turnover and an increase in job satisfaction. This may be due to increased responsibilities. With regards to tenure, there is a positive relationship between seniority and job performance and a negative relationship between tenure and absenteeism. That is an increase in tenure and seniority tends to lead to better performance and an increase in tenure to lead to decrease in turnover. People are organization’s most valuable and expensive resource, but they are the most difficult element of an organization to manage. Individuals are almost infinitely different, they act differently in different circumstances and are, in many ways, entirely unpredictable. This means that, unlike machines, they are not interchangeable or able to be easily designed to do the jobs required of them. In terms of the organization, what we are interested in is the way in which people behave at work-that they perform effectively in pursuit of the organisation’s goals. The starting point for this is an understanding of what makes people behave in the way they do. Although psychologists do not agree on a single definition of personality, there is some consensus that it is concerned with characteristics patterns of behavior and modes of thinking that determine a person’s adjustment to the environment (Hilgard et al 1979:108). Two features of the above definition are noteworthy. In the first place, the word â€Å"characteristic† suggests a degree of performance in personality. In the second place, â€Å"environment† suggests that personality is displayed in a social and physical context. Beyond this consensus, there is a great deal disagreement over the development, structure and dynamics of personality. The correct interpretation and use of the results of personality measures and tests depends a great deal on the theory or approach on which the instruments are based. Without this knowledge, the description of personality may well be miused. Personality can therefore be referred to a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. It looks at the whole person rather than at the sum of the individual parts. It is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his or her unique adjustments to his or her environment. An altogether different approach to personality concentrates on identifying and classifying those features that individuals may share. The different categories or types serve to emphasise the similarities within each group and the differences between the groups. These attempts to classify personality features are often referred to as the type or trait approach. There are a number of personality determinants, namely, Heredity, the Environment, or the Situation. Heredity is the process of transmitting biological traits from parent to offspring through genes, the basic units of heredity. Heredity also refers to the inherited characteristics of an individual, including traits such as height, eye color, and blood type. Heredity accounts for why offspring look like their parents: when two dogs mate, for example, they have puppies, not kittens. If the parents are both Chihuahuas, the puppies will also be Chihuahuas, not great Danes or Labrador retrievers. The puppies may be a little taller or shorter, a little lighter or a lot heavier than their parents are. Their faces may look a little different, or they may have different talents and temperaments. In all the important characteristics, however—the number of limbs, arrangement of organs, general size, fur type—they will share the traits of their parents. The principles of heredity hold true not only for a puppy but also for a virus, a roundworm, a pansy, or a human. Genetics is the study of how heredity works and, in particular, of genes. A gene is a section of a long deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule, and it carries information for the construction of a protein or part of a protein. Through the diversity of proteins they code for, genes influence or determine such traits as eye color, the ability of a bacterium to eat a certain sugar, or the number of peas in a pod. A virus has as few as a dozen genes. A simple roundworm has 5000 to 8000 genes, while a corn plant has 60,000. The construction of a human requires an estimated 50,000 genes. Personality characteristics are not completely dictated by heredity however, as otherwise they would remain the same throughout life despite the experiences we have. Environment is referred to all of the external factors affecting an organism. These factors may be other living organisms (biotic factors) or nonliving variables (abiotic factors), such as temperature, rainfall, day length, wind, and ocean currents. The interactions of organisms with biotic and abiotic factors form an ecosystem. Even minute changes in any one factor in an ecosystem can influence whether or not a particular plant or animal species will be successful in its environment. Organisms and their environment constantly interact, and both are changed by this interaction. Like all other living creatures, humans have clearly changed their environment, but they have done so generally on a grander scale than have all other species. Some of these human-induced changes—such as the destruction of the world’s tropical rain forests to create farms or grazing land for cattle—have led to altered climate patterns. In turn, altered climate patterns have changed the way animals and plants are distributed in different ecosystems. Scientists study the long-term consequences of human actions on the environment, while environmentalists—professionals in various fields, as well as concerned citizens—advocate ways to lessen the impact of human activity on the natural world. Situation is one of the determinants of personality which influences the effect of heredity and environment on personality. Personality, which is generally stable, often changes in different situations.  For example, we may behave very differently at a party with our friends as opposed to how we would do at a social gathering of work colleagues and our managers. 2. Attitude refers to an opinion or general feeling about something. Attitudes are, essentially feelings towards people or things. How people feel, what they believe, what they intend to do, and whether and how they do it may all be connected, and may all be related to the process of perception. To try to reduce the confusion in this area over the use of words and concepts such as â€Å"feelings† and â€Å"beliefs†, Fishbein (19670 put forward the following hierarchical model. Beliefs What we think about people, things, relationships etc â€Å"My work provides no challenge† Attitudes Affective responses to those people, things, relationships etc. â€Å"I see work only as a means to getting money† Intentions Congnitive states â€Å"I will look for my challenge in my leisure time† Behavior or Action Observable events â€Å"I take up mountaineering† Attitudes are learned. They derive from our personal reaction to information and events, which manifest themselves as beliefs and feelings about a particular subject. We learn many of our attitudes when we are very young. They are conditioned by those around us and the conditions or situations in which we find ourselves. Some-particularly feelings-are so strong that they stay with stay with us and affect us for the rest of our lives. The range of influences is complex, but it includes the following: * The groups to which we belong-most notably, in early life, the family, but also friendship groups, work groups * Education * Life experiences- particularly the most profound personal ones such as bereavement, etc. but also those experiences which we observe e. g on Tv, or read about. We are aware, too, that our attitudes change over time as a result of the influence of the above factors. For example, it is very often the case that young people have more liberal attitudes than older people, but as they enter work and acquire family and financial commitments and responsibilities they tend to become more â€Å"conservative†. One of the key elemen ts of management in organizations is how to modify or change people’s behaviour. This is central to such features as motivation, securing effective performance, introducing change, etc. whilst as noted above, attitudes do not necessarily condition behaviour, and they are a significant determinant. In organizations, managers use attitude survey to measure and thereby predict behaviour. Managers use information gathered in attitude surveys to guide them in decisions relative to employees. Attitude surveys elicit responses from employees through questionnaires about how they feel about their jobs, work- groups, supervisors and or the organization. Attitude surveys provide managers with valuable feedback on how workers perceive working conditions, and alert them to problems or employee intentions early so that action can be taken in time. Increasingly, attitudinal surveys are being used within organizations to find out about the potential reactions of staff to particular courses of action (for example, organizational change) or to form judgments about their suitability for particular posts (in a similar way to how personality tests are used). Operational methods for attitude surveys generally seek to measure fire components for each belief. Thus, attitudes to work could be measured as follows: * Strength of feeling about the job itself. The strength with which various attitudes are held about different aspects of the job which are listed, measured on perhaps a seven point scale, from â€Å"agree totally† through neutral to â€Å"disagree totally†. * Value of job to self. Evaluating various aspects of the job, again, but in relation to its meaning to the individual. * Social factors. Attitudes and behaviour do not depend on inner perceptions alone, but also upon surrounding social pressures-the person’s perceptions of what others think he/she should do. The social factors must be investigated in order to understand all the factors determining behaviour. * Overall attitude An overall assessment of the respondent’s attitudes to the contex of the job and to work itself, for example, the value and meaning it has in his/ her life. This is a useful measure as it allows more generalized attitudes to the job to be explored. * Intended behaviour Potential reactions to different scenarios about the job or its context. Although hypothetical, this prediction makes an interesting correlation with actual behaviour. Surveys must have a very clear specification of what they are seeking to measure. Just as with personality tests, there is the ever present danger that the way in which questions are phrased, or the underlying assumptions made, will influence the outcome. Job satisfaction and its opposite, job dissatisfaction, refer to the attitudes and feelings job holders have towards their work. Morale can be viewed as a state of mind dependent on the dependent on the degree of job satisfaction experienced by an individual or group. There is general agreement that job dissatisfaction can have harmful effects on both job holders and the organization. Research has associated job dissatisfaction with all the indicators of low morale-high labour turnover, skills wastage, absenteeism, high accident rates, poor timekeeping and a lack of commitment to quality. An individual with low job satisfaction may suffer frustration and stress. Although stress may arise from many quarters, it is the inability to deal with and manage stress that afflicts the individual who suffers job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction is determined by a number of factors namely, mentally challenging work, equitable rewards, supportive working conditions, and supportive colleagues. Research has shown that employees prefer jobs that give them opportunities to use their abilities and skills. Characteristics such as freedom, feedback and a variety of tasks make work mentally challenging and allow employees to feel pleasure and satisfaction. On other hand, jobs that are not mentally challenging create boredom, frustration and feelings of failure. Employees want rewards (e. g. pay, promotions) that they perceive as just and in line with their expectations. Satisfaction will occur if pay is seen as based on job demands, skill and community standards. It is not the actual amount of pay that counts, but rather the perception of fairness. Individuals that also perceive promotional decisions as fair will be job satisfied. Employees are concerned with working conditions that are comfortable and that enable one to do an optimal job. Environmental factors such as temperature, light, noise should not be too extreme. Factors such as proximity to home, cleanliness, technology and adequate tools, help increase job satisfaction. As well as tangible achievements, employees also work for social interaction. Therefore having friendly and supportive co-workers and superiors also lead to increased job satisfaction. On many occasions managers’ interest in job satisfaction centers on its effect on employee performance. Therefore studies have been made to identify the relationships between satisfaction and performance. Organized studies in particular have focused on the effect of satisfaction on the dependent variables such as Productivity, Absenteeism and Turnover. There is no real proof that satisfaction leads to productivity. The saying â€Å"a happy worker is a productive worker† is wishful thinking. Often productivity leads to satisfaction and not the other way around. Productivity leads to increase in rewards, recognition, which in turn increases satisfaction. Satisfaction may lead to productivity on an organization level rather than on an individual level. Dissatisfied workers are more likely to be absent. This relationship can be affected however by sick leave benefits which might encourage workers to be absent. While satisfied employees are less likely to leave work. This can however be affected by, labour market conditions, expectations about alternative job offers and length of tenure. Level of satisfaction is less important in predicting turnover for superior employees as more effort is made to keep these individuals. Satisfaction-turnover relationship is also affected by the individuals disposition towards life. If two people are dissatisfied the positive one is more likely to leave.

Using the APA Template

Using the APA Template By now, we have all discovered the magic of templates. From statistical reports to business letters, templates make our lives easier by formatting our text correctly for us. Now you can format your APA style papers correctly with the APA template. Using a simple template, you can first choose which type of paper or report you intend to generate. Many APA template packages come with a variety of options to help you choose the APA style thats right for you. Whether youre writing an academic paper or a more stylized report, you can be sure the conform to APA guidelines. The program will then most likely ask you for some information on the paper you are preparing. By entering information into fields, you can customize your paper to your exact needs. You can title the paper, and make further specifications on your report. Other APA Software There is more to APA software than mere templates, however. You can also store your frequently used sources for later, easier reuse. With a few clicks of your mouse, the ease and standardization of the APA style is at your fingertips, and in your paper.

College Decision Day How To Notify Colleges

College Decision Day How To Notify Colleges SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve applied to colleges, received acceptances, and selected the college you want to attend, then congratulations! You’ve done considerable work and made it through the college application and selection process. With May 1, also known as College Decision Day, just around the corner, how do you notify the college you’ve selected that you’ll be attending? How do you let the other colleges that admitted you know that you won’t? Do you even have to let them know? In this article, I’ll explain how to accept an offer of admission and why it’s important to notify the colleges you won’t be attending of your decision. How to Accept an Offer of Admission The process to accept an offer of admission can vary for each college. On your acceptance notice, there should be explicit instructions of what you need to do to accept the offer. Also, you may be able to find information on the college’s website about how to accept your offer of admission.Look under â€Å"admissions† to find any relevant information.For example, here’s the information for Stanford and Penn State. And here’s how you accept an offer of admission fromUCLA. Typically, everything can be done online and it’s a relatively simple process.If you have any questions, call the admissions office. The admissions representatives should be more than happy to help you, especially because you're a future student. Most schools will require you to submit a deposit when you accept your offer of admission.The deposit ranges from about $50-$500.If you receive financial aid, you may have a portion of your deposit or your entire deposit waived. If you’re unable to afford the deposit, contact the admissions office to see if they can make any accommodations for you.The deposit is generally non-refundable. If you apply under regular decision, most colleges will give you until May 1, commonly referredto as College Decision Day, to make your decision.If you’re accepted after May 1, then you’ll probably only be given a few days to a few weeks to make your decision. Submit all necessary deposits and forms before the deadline. Why Should You Notify Schools That You’re Declining Their Offer of Admission? Colleges like to know whether or not you’re attending so they can fill the available spots in the class.If you’re not attending, they may be able to offer your spot to somebody who is on the waitlist. However, colleges don’t anticipate that everyone who is accepted will attend; they admit more students than there are available spaces. Therefore, just because you decline an offer of admission doesn’t mean that somebody else will be admitted off the waitlist. Also, it’s common courtesy to notify colleges that you’re declining their offer, especially because members of the admissions committee took the time to look through your application and decided to accept you. If you don’t notify a school that accepts you that you’re not attending, that would be like if a school that rejected you didn’t inform you that you had been rejected. Furthermore, colleges may want to know which college you decided to attend. Colleges often keep statistics on schools that students will attend over theirs. They want to remain competitive with these schools, so this information can help them make positive changes to increase their yield, which is the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend. If you want to know how to decline an offer of admission, colleges will often give you instructions on how to notify them that you won’t be attending in their acceptance letters or on their websites.For many schools, you can view your application status online, and if you’re accepted, you can simply select whether you’ll be accepting or declining an offer of admission. If there’s no specific online form or instructions to let a school know that you’re declining an offer of admission, you can email the admissions office, or you can go old-school and send a letter to the admissions office. Recap Look at your acceptance notice for information about what to do next if you’re accepting an offer of admission. If you’re confused or have any questions, contact the admissions office. Make sure to make your decision and submit any necessary forms and deposits by the deadline. For most of you, thedeadline will be College Decision Day, May 1. If you’re declining an offer of admission, let the college know. What's Next? If you're just starting the college application process, learn how to apply to college. If you're deciding which college to go to, check out this post on how to choose a college. Finally, make sure you're researching colleges to ensure that you end up at the college that's best for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Has the recent recession around the world hit the international Essay

Has the recent recession around the world hit the international business and trade badly Especially the automotive industry - Essay Example a deal assuring to provide a colossal package to combat the impact of global recession on the automobile industry (EUbusiness Ltd 2010), it still remains to be complex phenomena as to why the recession took such a heavy toll on trade and commerce worldwide. Critically speaking, a set of entropy predicted the probable outcome of a sweeping downward surge in various cross-country economies, eventually leading to discrepancy in the ratio of production and consumption. These factors lay hidden both in the functional as well as the structural aspects of the car industry. The editor of the Dog Lemon Guide Clive Matthew-Wilson notes that the international automobile sector can produce approximately 90 million new units every year, which is well over the estimated 60 million buyers. Drawing on from this statistics, he concludes that in the aftermaths of global recession, the potential consumer market was mobilized independently by respective states – a deal which is not very likely to last forever. Hence, it is notable that the affordability factor in terms of owning personal automobiles will continue to weaken furthermore as the world starts adjusting to the ongoing slump (Dog and Lemon Guide 2010). In the light of this evidence, this paper is going to critically assess the impact of recession on international trade and commerce, particularly the automotive arena. The study will incorporate discussion of the relevant literature duly backed up by empirical evidences, followed by detailed analysis of the methodologies. Lastly, a questionnaire attached at the end of the document will reflect the research findings and provide assistance to conducting interviews for further elaboration of the methodologies. Before elaborating furthermore on the thesis question, it is worth investigating into the period that led up to the recent financial crises around the globe. It may be noted, however, that bulk of the study in this regard will focus on the US trade infrastructures and

Business Policy and Strategic Management Research Paper - 1

Business Policy and Strategic Management - Research Paper Example If the mission statement of Starbucks is to be reviewed, it shows that the company follows a differentiation strategy where its basic aim is to produce a brand image within the eyes of its customer through the unique taste of coffee and the exclusivity of all its other products. Differentiation strategy is the opposite of the cost leadership strategy. Differentiation strategy makes the use of a firm’s core competencies to develop an innovative strategy so that a company is valued by its customer in a unique manner.2 Starbucks has done the same by building up an international model that will help the company to scale and grow in a profitable manner, the company’s uniqueness and value creation within the eyes of its customer has helped the company to pursue one of its long term strategies by opening up many stores around the globe and in 2010 the company strengthened its roots in China through this differentiation strategy and China is being considered as the 2nd largest market for Starbucks.

WHAT KIND OF COMPANIES STAND TO GAIN THE MOST FROM ENTERING INTO Essay

WHAT KIND OF COMPANIES STAND TO GAIN THE MOST FROM ENTERING INTO STRATEGIC ALLIANCE WITH POTENTIAL COMPETITORS WHY - Essay Example Strategic alliance refers to the joint decision of two firms to share a part of their resources and abilities mutually among them to acquire competitive strength in the market. In the business world, strategic alliance between firms is an increasing trend. Sometimes through these strategic alliances, firms may get monopolistic competitive position, which is not beneficial for the economy. The strategic alliance option is highly adoptive in technology based industries for which there involve huge cost for research and development and high risk of failure. Thus sharing of the technological resources facilitated through strategic alliance will helps firms to share the risk also. In industries, where cost of doing business are high, also adopt strategic alliance as a tool for reducing the operating cost by economies of scale in operation. In the period of global competition, the industries realize that through sharing of valuable resources between their competitors would contribute to th eir better market performance. The successful industries use higher level strategic alliance to improve their operational efficiency. (Strategic Alliance 2009). â€Å"Strategic alliances are agreements between companies (partners) to reach objectives of a common interest. Alliances are among the various options which companies can use to achieve their goals; they are based on cooperation between companies. The description â€Å"strategic† limits the field to alliances that are important to the partners and have broad horizons.† (Pellicelli 2003). Strategic alliance provides capability to access the technologies and other facilities of competitors. It allows the business firms to progress rapidly by using the valuable resources of competitors. Through the alliance, new ideas about advanced products can be generated as it supports innovation. It helps to diminish the impact of risk of failure of the project by sharing it with

Ethical To Monitor Employees Whilst In Workplace

Ethical To Monitor Employees Whilst In Workplace The development of Information Communication Technology has created new ethical dilemmas due to the out-of-date moral, legal, and social boundaries. These boundaries can be represented by rules and legislation, laws and human nature. The expansion of technology has created a new era of office work. The majority of offices around the world are now filled with newly available technological advances; from personal computers to large network servers. This access to readily available technology has led to a blurring of the boundaries and has created new issues within the workplace. Over the last decade there has been an increase among employers to monitor the actions and performance of their employees. This is due to worries about; quality of work, productivity employee theft or misuse of company property. (Johnson 2008, p.1) One of the main ethical issues of the workplace is employee privacy and surveillance. This essay will address the following ethical topic; is it ethical to monitor employees whilst they are in the workplace? This will be addressed in several different ways to make sure that is analysed and evaluated properly. This essay will be constructed in the following way; firstly the definition of Privacy and surveillance will be cross examined. This is to demonstrate the vast area that this topic covers and to supply background information on the ethical issue of employee privacy and surveillance. This will lead into further background information regarding the aspects of employee monitoring, including; the implications of the topic and the methods employed to monitor employees. Once the background research regarding employee monitoring has been analysed the ethical side of the topic will be assed and documented before being summarised and evaluated in a conclusion. The main focus of this essa y will to create an argument regarding the issues of employ monitoring and to explore if they are ethically correct or ethically wrong. Since this topic is based around privacy in the workplace, privacy is a key term to be explored. This section of the essay will analyse the definitions of the terms and look for trends and connections relating back to the essay question. An individuals privacy theoretically descends from the concern of others who may have information relating to the person or is relevant to the person. The Oxford English Dictionary was used to give a rough understanding of the term Privacy. The dictionary describes the term Privacy as the following; a state in which one is not observed or disturbed by other people: she returned to the privacy of her own home the state of being free from public attention: a law to restrict newspapers freedom to invade peoples privacy (Oxford Dictionaries, 2005) This meaning relating to the topic of employee monitoring suggest that monitoring employees would be unethical as monitoring a person stops them from being unable to be disturbed or observed. The definition above isnt relevant enough to the topic above and should only be used as a rough guide. As a starting point for the topic of Privacy Schoemans definition will be examined, as it gives a basic understanding of the word. A person has privacy to the extent that others have limited access to information about him, limited access to the intimacies of his life, or limited access to his thoughts or his body. (Schoeman, 1984, p. 3) It suggests that to achieve privacy in the workplace a persons personal information should be contained with only limited access. From the quote it suggests that employees actions at work and outside of it should be only truly known to them. From this quote is it a fair response to suggest that once the employer starts to have access to the employees private information that it could lead to distrust and animosity in the workplace. From analysing this quote it suggests that employee monitoring in the work place is un-ethical, as it would allow others to have access to information about a person. Following Shoemans ideas, allowing employers to monitor employees would stop the employee from being able to control the access of their information. Another definition of privacy is defined below: The condition of not having undocumented personal knowledge about one possessed by others Personal knowledge consists of facts about a person which most individuals in a given society at a given time do not want widely known about themselves. (Miller and Weckert, 2000, p.256) This definition raises issues as it implies that a persons privacy is only relevant to the society that they find themselves in. This could be their home, workplace or on a larger scale, their country. A person should still be entitled to their privacy regardless of the society; human nature dictates that all humans have the capacity to have secrets or hide secrets. From this a person should be able to hide information from others regardless of their society. Relating this back to the initial essay question it implies that the idea of privacy would again make monitoring employees in the workplace unethical. It would allow the employer access to the employees personal knowledge, thus being unethical. This will be explored later when the ideas of privacy are linked to ethical theses. In the following section the aspects relating to employee monitoring will be analysed and discussed. This will be done by examining the following topics; the implications of the topic and the methods employed to monitor. Bassick suggests that in Employee Surveillance: An Ethical Consideration it is new methods of employee monitoring that is causing the ethical issues. Bassick states that the need for employee monitoring is down to three main ideas, these being; to maximize worker productivity, ensure the integrity the organization, and to protect the interests of customers and fellow workers. (Bassick et al. 2007) In relation to the topic of ethics it is quite clear to see why this has been turned into an ethical dilemma. Employers feel that they need to survey their employees as can lead to a more profitable and efficient business. On the other hand this can have negative effects on the employees as they can feel more pressurised, over controlled, restricted and unmotivated. Now the types of surveillance used by employers will be examined and analysed. This will show what causes the main ethical dilemmas, if the key areas of surveillance can be identified then it will be easier to understand what causes them. American Management Association (AMA) in 2007 carried out and published detailed information regarding to the surveillance of employees in the workplace. This information will be used to identify the most used techniques, from this it will identify how the employees are affected. From AMAs finding it suggests that employers main concern is Web surfing, with 66% monitoring the employees web usage. As well as this AMA found that 65% of all participating businesses used software to block inappropriate access to websites. Again this could lead to conflict within the workplace as employees could feel that they have right to access to all websites when they are not on company time, i.e. on a lunch break or after office hours. This could lead to the ethical issue of the freedom of information act as by banning certain sites it reduces the access to publicly know information. (American Management Association 2007) AMA also explored surveillance relating to keyboard activity, the report concluded that 45% of employers track the employees keystrokes. As well as monitoring time at the computer, AMAs findings found out that 43% of the participating businesses stored their employees files and work for further review and analyse.16% of all the participating businesses also record phone conversations. Relating this back to the issue of privacy in the workplace, this is in clear violation of it. By recording employees conversations it removes all privacy with relation to calls, for example, a private call from a family member saying somebody in the family is ill, the employer could quite easily be recoding it thus breaking the employees privacy. Of the 43% of companies that monitor e-mail, 73% of them use software to monitor emails and 40% hire an individual to actual analyse and review all the employee emails. (American Management Association 2007) again this could be seen as a breach of privacy. Whilst in the workplace employees tend to receive emails daily, the majority will be work related, but some wont be. For example, if an employee receives an email about a potential new job, but actually has no intention of applying for it. It could still cause conflict in the workplace as the employer might interpret it as the employee looking for a new job, this could then give the employer the grounds for dismissal. Persson and Hansson in Privacy at Work Ethical Criteria looked at the duties of employers and their responsibility is the prevention of third parties, from having access to employees privacy. Employers can state that access to their employees information is to reduce unauthorized persons from having access to it. (Persson and Hansson 2003, p.60) This would justify the reasons for having to monitor the employees but would still require surveillance in the first place. In the Ownership, Privacy and monitoring in the Workplace, Loch Suggests that many employers have the right to monitor their employees. This is because they are being paid to do a job and not achieving this is unproductive. She goes on to suggest that the owners of the companies also own the office supplies, equipment and technology. This gives them the right to monitor how the resources get used and what they are used for. (Loch et al. 1998) Relating this back to the initial question, it makes perfect sense to agree with what loch says. For example, if a person lends a friend a laptop to help them to do coursework, that person assumes that the friend will use the laptop to do the coursework. This doesnt stop the friend from using the laptop to do other things, such as, go on Facebook, or access illegal content. The person still owns the laptop even though the friend is using it, this means that the person can ask for it back at any time. They could also monitor the friend to make sure that they keep on task and only use the laptop for the coursework. From an ethical point of view the person could be regarded as a good friend because checking up on the friend could be regarded as being a good friend to make sure that they do well. But relating this to the workplace the same scenario can apply, as the employer monitoring the employees to make sure they keep on task could be seen as good bossing. The employers could also cl aim that by monitoring employees it reduces the risk of dismissal as the employees are more focused. Following Lochs teachings it suggests that employers have a right to see what their employees are doing throughout the day. The main reason for this as it normally leads to an increase in performance levels allowing a business to perform more efficiently. Persson and Hansson suggest that many companies track individuals keystrokes, email use, web site hits and their movements throughout the building to measure an individual employees efficiency. (Persson and Hansson 2003) the ethical implications of this are that it can lead to mistrust and conflict within the workplace; this could lead to an unmotivated workforce. Through the analyse of the types of employee monitoring and the implications of this in the workplace, it appears that it can be argued by both. Employers can argue that surveillance is necessary to workplace productive and efficiency, whilst protecting employees from third party access. Whereas employees can argue that it is a breach of privacy and that employers shouldnt be allowed to survey staff as it can have a negative effect on the workplace. To further this argument employee defence must also be considered, this will be carried out by looking at the ethical implications of the topic. In the 2005 American Management Association survey it concluded that there is no official legislation that makes employee surveillance illegal. But the majority of employees regard it as unethical and an invasion of their privacy. (American Management Association 2005) This could be due to the fact that a lot of employees arent aware that they are being surveyed at work, this is then regarded as an ethical dilemma because employees feel that it is their right to know if they are being monitored or not. Firstly, Miller in Privacy, the Workplace and the Internet In addition stated that employees being monitored can suffer from; poor health, stress, and morale problems compared to other employees. Again this raises further ethical implications, is it ethical to monitor employees when it could lead to health implications. This again is a fine line, as some employers will argue that surveillance is a necessity and that the health implications are treatable. Whereas employees will argue that their health is of more importance that the profit of the company, certainly it is an issue, but many companies are happy to overlook a problem to maximise a turnover. Another ethical implication relating to ethics in the workplace relates to employer-employee trust. Trust can be important in a workplace, as employers must trust employees on a daily basis to carry out their job tasks, to meet deadlines and to cooperate with other employees in the workplace. Employees also feel that not only is surveillance a breach of their privacy but an invasion of their personal space. Miller again identifies this; There are other important things in life besides efficiency and profitability. In particular, there is the right to privacy. The existence of the right to privacy, and related rights such as confidentiality and autonomy, is sufficient to undermine extreme views such as the view that employees ought to be under surveillance every minute of the day. (Miller and Weckert, 2000) Employee surveillance is unethical because it takes away many of the rights addressed within this theory. One right stripped away from employees through surveillance is the right to make you own choices. Companies purposely adopt e-mail monitoring, website screening, and GPS tracking technology to eliminate employees rights to choose what they want to do.8 Companies do have a need to protect their organizational interests, but forcing employees to act a certain way through surveillance is not the ethical way to control behavior.7 Instead of cameras and monitoring software, an employer following the rights approach should encourage correct behavior by stating what is expected of the employees and then giving them choice to act in a way they feel is right 8. Employers often tell employees when they are being monitored. What employers often do not tell employees is the extent of the surveillance taking place.2 For example, it is common for a business to state they use e-mail surveillance software but not describe what is appropriate to include in an e-mail, whether or not they are consistently reviewing e-mails, and if they are storing the e-mails for future use. By withholding information, companies are violating the employees right to be told the truth.8 Any employer that purposely omits pertinent information is acting unethically. According to the rights approach, companies must not hide any information from an employee. If employee surveillance must be used, it is only right to let the worker know exactly what the companys policy is on using monitoring technology.8 (Bassick et al. 2007) Another ethical theory which emphasizes the process of moral character development is virtue ethics. Within this framework, morality is not guided by rules or rights but instead by the concept of character.9 Character, which consists of honesty, fairness, compassion and generosity, drives members of an organization to concern themselves with what to be, as opposed to what to do.9 Virtue based ethics seeks to produce excellent persons who both act well and serve as examples to inspire others.9 Actors, those making the ethical decisions, focus on whether rights are deserved as opposed to what the rule book implicitly states.10 Under this theory, privacy can be considered a right that employees deserve. Companies implementing this ethical guidance believe that workers know how to act and display themselves with great character. Therefore, surveillance is unnecessary because employees behaviour and decisions will be consistent with the actions of a good person 10. (Knights 2006) 9 (Everett 2006) 10 Conclusion Technology is an amazing phenomenon. Never before has the human race been so dependent on instruments and gadgets to get through their everyday life. There is no doubt that these advancements have increased the standard of living and made many of our everyday activities far more convenient. With this convenience has come a greater threat of privacy invasion. Simply because a new technology has increased our potential, does not make these new abilities ethical. As citizens of the United States, whether stated by law or a common ethical framework, deserve the right to keep certain things private. There is currently a vague line that distinguishes what is and is not considered private material, information, or knowledge. In order to give all citizens equal rights these definitions must be more clearly stated and understood by all. The ambiguity that currently exists between employer surveillance programs and employee knowledge of such monitoring must be eliminated. More than anything it is important that people know what activity is being watched and what is not. As our abilities increase, our moral and ethical thinking must accompany this growth. We must have a sense of responsibility to maintain two of the greatest natural rights that we posses; privacy and autonomy.